Did Tool-Using Dogs Learn from Their Ancestors?

Koala, a black Labrador, uses a ring toy to hold an antler steady for chewing.
Photo by Deni Elliott

I have written about the ways various family dogs have learned to use tools: Orly ringing a bell, not only to prod me to let her in and out, but as a way to help her sister. (Never mind that as an adult, she refuses to use the bell…). Going even farther back in history, Koala devised a tool to hold her antler still for chewing, while Cali used the backyard to hold her antler.

I was excited about these examples of dogs’ creativity, smarts, and problem-solving skill. And I wondered whether all dogs — and their ancestors, wolves — could use tools.

I now have an answer!

A study published in November shows wolves using tools: They have been captured on camera intentionally and repeatedly tugging a rope to pull up a crab trap, then breaking into the traps to steal and eat the bait. So far, two different wolves have been captured (on camera) raiding the traps.

Cali pokes the antler into the soft ground

Since Jane Goodall first wrote about Chimpanzees using tools in 1960, other non-humans have been found to use tools, including elephants, crows, dolphins, octopuses, and even ants!

So far, the animals’ tool use tends to be self-serving, but I am hoping to convince Orly to pitch in around the house at some point. She thinks the vacuum is scary, but maybe she’s willing to try her paw at shoveling snow?

Who’s In Charge Here?

Orly, a golden retriever, wears an expectant lookIt seemed like a good idea at the time. And, to be fair, it was, for a while (and with a different dog).

The idea was to teach Cali not to react to fence-fighting, barking, or just plain rude dogs when we passed them on walks. We started with dogs in yards, but eventually were able to walk past reactive dogs on leashes. Cali remained calm and collected. And as soon as we were past, she’d pause and look at me expectantly. Because the reason she refrained from responding to the rude dogs was that she got a treat and a lot of praise.

Cali and I had several routes we’d choose from for our morning and afternoon walks, many of which included yards with rude dogs. I noticed that she started eagerly looking for the dogs as we approached. So far so good.

Then we got Orly. Cali and I taught Orly the drill. I made sure to have plenty of treats when we left for walks, though they were willing to wait until we got home to be paid, if I made it worth their while (better treats and more of them).

Orly takes over

We lost Cali to hemangiosarcoma when Orly was just over a year old. In the two-plus years since, Orly has matured into a smart, silly, thoughtful, and very resourceful dog. And, she’s engineered our walks, slowly, over time, to to the point where I am not sure who’s leading whom on these walks and other adventures (although I always drive).

I often let the dog choose which route we walk, primarily because walks are their time and their opportunity to experience new smells and catch up on neighborhood news.

A while ago, I noticed that Orly consistently chose the routes with the largest number of rude dogs. She’d peer ahead to see whether Milo and his brothers were out in the yard before deciding whether to go left or right at one corner, for example.

Gradually, I noticed that she liked taking detours from our usual routes. And that these detours always took us past yards with dogs in them.

She started to prefer turning into the alley after we said hi to George (a friendly, not at all rude, golden who is something of a neighborhood mascot. Or prince.) rather than continuing down the hill into the park. It only slowly dawned on me that there were not one but two rude-dog opportunities on the alley route that were not on the park route.

Then one day, I noticed her pulling toward the fence each time we passed one particular yard. It’s a typical 6-foot privacy fence, solid boards, maybe 4 inches of ground clearance under which we often see the nose and/or feet of a little terrier. A terrier who generally ignores us… unless Orly’s nose or feet are visible. Then, the dog would bark, Orly would not, and …

The terrier was no slouch, and soon learned to ignore Orly, so Orly upped the ante, bumping the fence or whining a bit. I was a little slow to catch on, assuming she was just excited — the terrier lives next door to the house with the treat hydrant. (Yes, more proof, for anyone who still needs it, that dogs are smarter than their humans.)

But no (duh!) Orly was doing her best to cause the other dog to react so that she could get a treat. Someone must have taught Orly about back-chaining, a technique to teach dogs (and humans) to perform a series of actions to earn a reward.

Golden retriever Orly, standing on grass, play bowsI did finally figure out her game.

Mostly I am impressed with the creativity and thought behind Orly’s conniving.

But when we merely pass a dog on a walk with her human, or a calm, relaxed dog in his yard, and she turns expectantly to demand payment, I find myself annoyed. I feel used. Is she a doggy mafia don demanding her due? Is our entire relationship transactional?

But then we get home and she cuddles up to me with a contented sigh … and no, I don’t want your thoughts on how she’s manipulating me in those moments, too. Just go cuddle your dog.

 

Family Reunion

Tasi, Orly, Kaycee, and Brooklyn Orly recently got together with several of her siblings, niblings, half-siblings, and miscellaneous other relatives. Sometimes, it’s better not to be too clear on the exact relationships.

There are many family resemblances, starting with Mom Charm’s restrained whimper when gated off from the area she wanted to be in — Orly deploys similar vocalizations when she finds herself on the wrong side of a door, a frequent occurrence. The siblings sure look alike, though Orly was the lightest blond / least red of the group. They are all small for goldens, and several of them share Orly’s little “zipper” — a small patch of rough fur between the eyes that gives Orly a worried look.

Two young puppies — nieces? — were in the mix as well. Hildy was the best pup-playmate, entertaining (& exhausting) the youngsters while the sibs all went from person to person soaking up pats and cuddles.

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Oh Deer!

Spotted twin fawns stand in front of maple trees on a green lawn

Our neighborhood doe had twins this summer, and we’ve seen the fawns — with or without Mom — several times. The girls showed little interest. In fact, both Dotty and Orly have been remarkably uninterested in deer in the neighborhood, whether young or adult, alone or in small groups.

(Well, except for that one time when a handsome young buck ran past us out in Crazy Canyon and Orly took off after him … for a moment, before sheepishly returning. Dotty ignored him and enjoyed watching Orly get reprimanded.)

Had been.

Not long ago, we were on our morning walk in our neighborhood. I spotted the family group, this time with a young buck, a block away. I was trying to decide what direction they were headed so we could give them plenty of space. Suddenly, something spooked the twins.

Instantly two fawns were racing down the block — heading right toward us. They are fast!!

The girls froze, suddenly fascinated by deer!

I quickly UNfroze and urged them across the street. By the time the three of us stumbled across the street, the fawns were racing across the spot we’d just been standing, with Mom and Dad? Big brother? in hot pursuit.

To their credit, Orly and Dotty just watched, interested but not predatory, not even pulling on their leashes. Such good girls! They got lots of praise and treats for that!

A Weekend with Bella

Bella, a fuzzy white dog, relaxes with her head on a multicolored sofa cushion

My new buddy Bella taught me about living with a small dog during a recent visit. I took care of Bella for 4 days while staying at her home and visiting friends.

Bella might weigh 10 pounds, and her perpetually disheveled curly mop of white-blonde fur accounts for a good percentage of that weight. She’s got the spirit of a much larger dog, though.

Fuzzy little dog Bella reclines on a grey sofa with her head on a multicolored pillowBella spends a lot of her time curled up in her dog bed, reclining on the sofa, or, apparently, snuggling the nearest human. She’s very relaxed, quiet, and agreeable to being petted, brushed, given belly rubs, or just hanging out together.

But she gets very excited when offered a walk, dancing a bit and sometimes even barking with excitement. And she’s up for adventure. She trekked with me through the neighborhood, ventured out to meet a friend for a walk by the Bay, and kept up with the much-bigger pup on a jaunt with friends to a local brewpub.

Small white dog Bella, seatbelted in, sits on a grey car seatOn walks, she’s curious and eager to meet people and dogs, and loves to stop for long, deep sniffs along the way. She’s gentle, never pulling and always mindful of where I am. I haven’t lived with a small dog in a very long time; walks without being pulled were a nice change.

Little Bella, a fuzzy white dog, stands on dry brown grass with water and puffy clouds in the distanceOne thing made me a little sad: Whenever a car that sounded like her mom’s or dad’s passed, she’d immediately stop and look eagerly … then show a moment of disappointme

nt before returning to her “sniffari.” But, when I’d return from a non-dog-friendly outing, she’d greet me at the door with an excited dance and a few yips — even after realizing that I was not Mom or Dad.

Fuzzy little Bella stands under a kitchen cart to eat her dinner

 

Hands Off?

Golden retrievers Dotty and Orly sit on green grass and smile for their photo

Dotty is home for a visit! She’s calmer and a little more mature, but the silly, playful puppy is still there.

And … she is still obsessed with hands. She’s very paw-oriented and loves to dig, paw at people to say hello or ask them to play, and hold her toys with her paws.

When she first saw me after several weeks, she wanted to hold hands, maintaining constant contact by resting a paw on my hand or knee.

She’s also obsessed with human hands, and she appears to believe that the only reasons hands exist are to either feed or pet and play with dogs.

White golden retriever puppy Dotty lies on a blue sofa and looks straight at the camera
WHY are you not petting me?

Correction: Pet and play with Dotty. If I am patting Orly or, horrors! another dog, she tries everything she can think of to move my hands — and attention — over to her.

Her focus on hands is especially noticeable when I am trying to relax or to exercise. I like to stretch in the mornings, and some evenings, I try to relax with a short yoga video.

Sometimes I also just sit, watching TV or reading, with one or both hands unoccupied.

These situations are simply Unacceptable. If either or both hands are still, maybe just lying there on the floor or sofa — Dotty simply can’t stand that.

She’ll lick them. Nudge them. Paw at them. Push her nose under my hand and attempt to make it pet her. If I react at all — a laugh, even a smile — she’s encouraged to increase her efforts.

Orly is a little more restrained. While she also enjoys licking and nudging my hands, her favorite trick when I am exercising is to wait for me to close my eyes, even for a second. She darts in and gives me the tiniest kiss, right on the nose.

I’ve seen videos of people doing yoga with their dogs … and the dogs are just accompanying them. Exercising together. Doesn’t that sound nice?

Not these girls … they make it all about them. Or maybe they just understand that laughter is the best exercise and are nudging me toward more laughing, less stretching? Yep, that must be it!

Snow!

Young golden retrievers Orly and Dotty stand on grass covered with a light coat of snow
SNOW!

In late October, Dotty woke up one morning and went outside, as she usually does. It was still dark, and very cold. And there was some weird wettish cold stuff all over the ground.

It smelled wet and fresh.

When Dotty went back inside, some of the white stuff came in, too. So she ate it. It didn’t taste like much.

A little while later, Orly (who is not a morning dog) stumbled out of the bedroom. When she saw the white stuff, she got very excited.

Orly told Dotty that it was called SNOW!

SNOW! (always said with great excitement) is a super fun thing that happens in Montana oh, anywhere from 6 to 11 months of the year.

The two dogs went outside together and raced around in the snow, dug in the snow, kicked the snow, ate the snow, lay down in the snow, peed on the snow, and rolled in the snow.

Since there was only a very light dusting, they had to use their imaginations quite a bit.

After about 10 or 15 minutes, they realized that they were cold and hungry, so they went inside and had breakfast.

Orly promised Dotty that she’d see more — better, bigger, deeper — SNOW! soon.

 

Carnage Among the Carrots

Golden retriever Orly stands at a wire mesh gate, watching the sun set behind purple mountains
Dog sitting in paradise

We’re dog-sitting again.

Orly has my friends bamboozled into thinking that she’s “perfectly” behaved, even after spending 11 days with them while I was traveling.

They may need to reconsider.

We arrived yesterday afternoon, a gorgeous, sunny fall day. I was sitting on the deck reading and the dogs were playing. I looked up and noticed that Dotty was reclining in the garden box. Odd.

Finger-sized muddy partial carrotI ordered her out, and she came running over, and I didn’t think anything more about it. Until, several minutes later, Orly loped onto the deck and dropped something. Clunk. Then she started to eat the something, so I got up to investigate. A dirty carrot. Or rather, part of a carrot.

Carrots partially pulled from the dirt and dug up dirtI wandered back over to the garden box, and discovered that no, Dotty had not been innocently reclining in the garden.

She was actively committing mayhem.

I found a tarp in the garage and constructed a flimsy but effective barrier. All was well.

For a while.

This morning, I noticed both girls hiding out at the far end of the garden and moseyed over to investigate.

Dotty was again reclining. Turns out there’s a second carrot patch. Now there are two sites of carrot carnage and two dogs who have stuffed themselves on carrots. (Could be worse. Some dogs I know stalk and occasionally manage to catch and murder small animals. Perhaps vegetables-as-prey is the benefit of raising dogs in a vegetarian home?

Meanwhile, the two resident dogs are off playing in their yard, having, and wanting, nothing to do with the full-on assault on their parents’ garden. On the other hand, neither raised a paw to stop the carnage committed by their buddies.

Dotty was definitely the ringleader, but “perfect” Orly was a willing accomplice and eager eater of the spoils.

All Orly Wants for Her Birthday Is …

7-month old Dotty, a white golden retriever, sits next to 2-year-old Orly, a much smaller blonde golden

Orly will be two years old (!!) on Sunday, Oct 22. All she wants for her birthday — besides the traditional ice cream treat and the weekend she will spend playing with her best friends of course — is to be the big sister again.

I got back from my vacation and picked Orly up, then drove out to get Dotty back from her trainer, Glenn. Glenn brought out a small white pony, claiming it was Dotty.

He then showed off how nicely this behemoth walked at heel, did a sit stay, and politely sat to ask to go inside (no loud barking). Definitely not Dotty.

Tiny Dotty, a white golden retriever puppy, was much smaller than big sister Orly in May, when she arrived.The pony was wearing Dotty’s collar and had a bag of Dotty’s food, though, and she seemed very happy to see me, so I loaded her into the car. She seemed excited about being home and finding her toys, and happily  reunited with Orly.

But … Dotty is a puppy. This is a dog.

…Or not. By the next morning, the Dotty pony was in full puppy mode, twirling and bouncing along on our walk, stealing Orly’s toys, racing in circles in the back yard, and generally being Dotty.

One thing seems to have stuck from Dotty’s time with Glenn (thank goodness!): The newer, larger Dotty hasn’t demand barked at all since she got home!

The big puppy is here to stay (for a while, anyhow), and Orly is now the older sister but not the bigger sister. Harumph. It’s enough to make a girl go eat more ice cream.

“Fair” Is a One-Way Street

White pup Dotty and blonde Orly, both golden retrievers, snuggle on a wood floorOrly and Dotty are both grappling with the inescapable truth that life is not fair.

Now that Dotty has her service-dog-in-training cape, I sometimes take her with me when I run errands or go out to eat. Orly stays home.

Not fair! Orly sulks and refuses to greet us when we return.

This morning it was even worse: Dotty got to go to the river and have her photo taken, a process which involves many treats. Orly again stayed home. Dotty came back happy and mud-covered, reeking of the good treats. NOT FAIR.

Orly got her own special walk afterward, while Dotty stayed home (in her crate with a chew toy). Orly seemed mollified after that and is again sweetly cuddling with her “little” sister (they are now the same size … a phenomenon that won’t last a full week before the little sister overtakes the big sister).

Oddly enough, though, Orly’s sense of fairness is unperturbed when Orly gets to go off hiking — and Dotty is the one left behind. Each time, Dotty rushes to greet the Missoula Dog Mom, hoping that today will be the day — she is sure it’s coming — that she gets to go. She wouldn’t even mind if Orly also went. She just wants to go!

Nope, not today. Orly swishes her tail grandly as she exits, leaving sad Dotty home with boring old Mom and her many meetings.

Dotty’s loud demands, more frequent while Orly is out — requests for food, attention, outside time, inside time, cuddles — may be a cry for justice. Her sense of fairness, like Orly’s, seems to mostly consist of a keen awareness of the times she’s on the receiving end of injustice.

And to give both girls their due, they treat each other fairly. They take turns “winning” tug games and wrestling matches and being the chaser vs. the chasee in the yard. They share toys, amicably chew beef bones next to one another, and let each other eat in peace. As I well know, that is not always the case, even with the most loving doggy siblings.

Perhaps calm acceptance of unequal treatment is a question of maturity, temperament, and time; it’s certainly the case that not all humans get there as children or teens ( … or ever).